Three Es of Sustainable Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Es of Sustainable Marketing - Essay Example This paper talks about that the organization composes its inner and outer procedures such that encourages it to keep up an incentive for its partners. Inner procedure incorporates the administration of assets and outer procedure incorporates exercises of the firm that is appropriate for the earth. Partner incorporates individuals which are legitimately or in a roundabout way associated with the association like proprietor, workers, investors and worth chain accomplices and so on. This strategy is known as Sustainable Marketing. Organizations who need to build up and keep up its esteem and have unmistakably characterized objectives identified with its exercises and its impact on their conservative condition as well as on the individuals around and condition in which they work. Significance of Sustainable Marketing can be comprehended by the organization when they begin understanding that they are managing limited assets, so they have a few duties towards its current and likely partner s, and by concentrating on satisfying its obligations they can pick up advantage for short just as long haul. Thompson, clarified the various strategies or musings of feasible promoting, any asset that is missing can be an issue, as a significant method of figuring out how to perform, and issues identified with virtues and respectability. Organizations’ advertising can turn out to be progressively practical by methods for three significant systems, regularly known as three E’s. Following are the ‘E’s of manageable showcasing: nature; economy and ethnology.... ether the prerequisites or need of its client through the entirety of its perspectives, like SMO that unite the destinations and qualities for manageability of the firm, and each choice they takes, is constantly founded on its objectives for maintainability. Burgerville - A Sustainable Organization Burgerville, a U.S.A based organization with headquarter is in Tacoma, is a cheap food chain and a genuine guide to Sustainable Marketing. This organization named Burgerville can be considered as a reasonable advertising organization, their procedure of promoting depends on practical showcasing, and this is the fundamental factor to consider. This drive-through joint advertising procedure depends on the guarantee of advancement, commitment in the improvement of the area where they are set, in addition to diminishing their negative ecological effects, just as for productivity and development of the company. Burgerville's principle factor of consideration is towards its worth chain process, they attempt to manage the makers near locally source, to boost effectiveness (Needham 2009). Burgerville is attempting to use wind power effectively, and to reuse their loss to limit wastage of their material. Their waste preoccupation program is a pertinent case of Burgerville’s guarantee for feasible exercises. To deal with the enormous measure of utilization less cooking oil created in its store, Burgerville start a biodiesel creation and promoting program with community oriented work with a little neighborhood organization which was at its beginning up stage. Burgerville gives all its representatives, safe climate to work and social insurance which is managed by them, moreover they likewise have begun program to construct and improve initiative abilities, these all endeavors is a piece of their inside advertising program. Proposal for the

Hassan’s Story Essay

A. Baru is utilizing surface markings to recognize the sexual orientation of a skull. What two significant sorts of surface markings do bones have? a. The melancholies and openings. B. For what reason are Liu and Hassan astonished to discover a metopic stitch on a grown-up skull? In which skull bone do metopic stitches happen? b. Since directly after birth the left side and right half of the frontal bone are joined by the metopic stitch. They were astounded in light of the fact that this stitch ought to have vanished between the ages of six to eight years old. C. What sensitive skeletal structures are found inside the nasal pit that may be absent from an exhumed skull? c. The opposite plate D. How might Hassan and his group have the option to tell the times of the skeletal survives from the lady and infant? d. By the four fundamental stitches, for example, coronal stitch, sagittal stitch, lambdoid stitch and squamous stitches. E. What highlights of the vertebral segment would the bigger skeleton in the stone coffin show to demonstrate it was female? e. The vertebral section of a male in around 71 cm (28 in.) for a female the vertebral segment of a female would be around 61 cm (24 in.) F. What bone in the neck area other than cervical vertebrae might be harmed during strangulation or neck injury? f. The hyoid bone. G. In the event that the bones of an individual found at the uncovering site were stirred up and out of succession, how could the anthropologists figure out which vertebrae were cervical, lumbar or thoracic? g. Since the cervical bones are the littlest, the thoracic bones are bigger than the cervical bones, and the lumbar bones are the biggest. H. For what reason would bones with their hard structure, be dependent upon and give indications of the ailment that pulverized this network? h. Since bones will give indications of mileage and can likewise be additionally be tried. I. What structure goes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae that would cause passing whenever harmed as in the child’s skeleton? I. Veins

Its Business Time A List Of Warren Buffett Book Recommendations

Its Business Time A List Of Warren Buffett Book Recommendations Warren Buffett isnt just known for his business acumen â€" hes also, famously, a voracious reader. In various interviews, Buffett has revealed that he often reads around 1000 pages a day (if I could read at even half that speed, Id no longer be in danger of being crushed under my TBR pile â€" although to be fair, if I had Buffetts billions, my TBR pile would probably be a TBR warehouse). Even at the ripe old age of 89, Buffett estimates that he still spends about 80% of each day reading. As you might imagine from such a prolific reader, Buffett has been happy to dish out book recommendations in the many interviews hes had over the years. Ive condensed all of Warren Buffett book recommendations into one list that will point you in the direction of some great books on business. With suggestions that deal with all aspects of business, from the technical aspects of investing to the life stories of famous business leaders, theres plenty on Buffetts list to sink your entrepreneurial teeth into. Business Essentials The Clash of the Cultures by John Bogle The Little Book of Common Sense Investing by John Bogle Business Adventures by John Brooks Dream Big by Cristiane Correa Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits by Philip Fisher The Moment of Lift by Melinda Gates Stress Test: Reflections on Financial Crises by Tim Geithner The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham Security Analysis by Benjamin Graham and David L. Dodd Poor Charlies Almanack by Peter Kaufman Essays in Persuasion by John Maynard Keynes Take On The Street by Arthur Levitt The Most Important Thing Illuminated by Howard Marks The Outsiders by William Thorndike Jr. Bonus Books Here are a few Warren Buffett book recommendations that fall slightly outside of the pure business model, delving into memoir, anecdotes, history and politics. Nuclear Terrorism by Graham Allison Firefighting: The Financial Crisis and its Lessons by Ben S. Benanke, Timothy F. Geithner and Henry M. Paulson Limping on Water by Phil Beuth and KC Schulberg First A Dream by Jim Clayton and Bill Retherford Where Are The Customers Yachts? by Fred Schwed Jack: Straight from the Gut by Jack Welch The Making of The President by Theodore White Buffetts Books Buffett doesnt just read â€" hes also written several essays and letters, which have been collated into books. The Essays of Warren Buffett, edited by Lawrence A. Cunningham Warren Buffetts Ground Rules, edited by Jeremy C. Miller Beyond Buffett: Other Business Books to Read While Buffett has recommended a large number of books over the years, the majority of them are written by white men. This is perhaps unsurprising, as white men still command a huge amount of privilege in the business world (and the world in general). However, there are many great business books written by women and people of colour that are essential reading for prospective entrepreneurs. Here are a few recommendations: The One Week Budget by Tiffany Aliche The Little Black Book of Success: Laws of Leadership for Black Women by Elaine Meryl Brown, Marsha Haygood and Rhonda Joy McLean Secrets of Successful Sales by Alison Edgar The Multi-Hyphen Method by Emma Gannon Act Like A Success, Think Like A Success by Steve Harvey Beta by Rebecca Holman The Wealth Choice by Dennis Kimbro The Working Womans Handbook by Phoebe Lovatt Year of Yes by Shonda Rhimes What I Know For Sure by Oprah Winfrey If youre still hungry for book recommendations from business leaders, check out the reading habits of another famous entrepreneur with A Full List of Bill Gates Book Recommendations. And if youre really keen to dive deep into the world of business, and find the best bookish resources, make sure to sign up to our tailored book recommendation service TBR, where one of our bibliologists can pair you with your perfect business-related reads. Whether youre looking for ways to start investing, or want to learn about the lives of CEOs, the TBR bibliologists will find the right titles for you.

Internet Piracy Theft of Intellectual Property Essay

Piracy is a form of theft. Specifically, it refers to the unauthorized copying or use of intellectual property. Intellectual property is knowledge or expression that is owned by someone. There are three major types of intellectual property: 1) creative works, including music, written material, movies, and software, which are protected by copyright law; 2) inventions, which are protected by patent law; and 3) brand-name products, which are protected by trademarks. Many of the issues surrounding piracy have to do with the difference between intellectual property and physical property. A CD, for example, is a piece of physical property, but the songs on the CD are intellectual property. A customer in a record store can purchase a CD, but†¦show more content†¦And because the copies are tapes of tapes, the quality suffers. But if the film has been digitized into a computer file, it can be E-mailed to millions of people in minutes; because strings of zeroes and ones can be reprodu ced with absolute fidelity, the copies are perfect. And online pirates have no development costsÂâ€"they dont even have to pay for paper or blank cassettesÂâ€"so they dont really have a bottom line. The problem of Internet piracy did not gain national attention until Napster gained an enormous following in 1999. The original Napster, created by thenÂâ€"college student Shawn Fanning in May 1999, was an online music service that enabled users to trade digital music flies. Napster used a technology known as peer-to-peer (P2P) networking. P2P networking essentially enables users to link their com- puters to other computers all across the network. Each user linked to the Napster network was able to share his or her music files with all the other users on the network, and each user was in turn able to download a copy of any music file on almost any other computer in the network. Napster claimed to have over 20 million users in July 2000, all of them making copies of each others music. By that time, Napster had become the subject of a massive controversy over online file sharing. Part of Napsters appeal was intertwined with the novelty ofShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Property And Social Property Theft1643 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch confusion about the Internet and the new problems and questions it brings to the table in terms of the court of law, and how law enforcement should deal with it. Then comes the matter of Intellectual Property, and what it covers and how to integrate it into the justice system. Intellectual Property is a grey area for many people and can also be a very controversial matter. In this paper I will clear up some misconceptions about the definition of Intellectual Property and what it covers, someRead MoreSOPA: A Righteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesRighteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? To better understand the act, one needs to first examine what â€Å"SOPA† is and means. First and foremost, SOPA is the Stop Online Piracy Act. This act is essentially an extension of another bill that was sent through shortly before it. The name of this bill is the PROTECT IP act, which stands for Protecting Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property. Both these names are essentially very fancy names for an anti-theft law to protect theRead MoreIntellectual Property Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology is now the foundation to any society and in America; digital products (mp3 files, videos, books, etc.) are protected as intellectual property. Theft of any intellectual property would have similar (and in some cases more severe) consequences as stealing a car or shoplifting, however, some countries that fall behind in the development of intellectual property can easily steal digital products and produce them for a much cheaper and easier rat e of production. One such country is China, whichRead MoreIntellectual Property And Computing Technology1207 Words   |  5 PagesIntellectual Property through the development of computing technology Intellectual Property refers to any original creative work manifested in a substantial form that can be protected. When an intellectual property right is mentioned, it refers to controlling the manner in which intellectual property is used, distributed or accessed. The intellectual property right is enforced by the World Intellectual Property Organization which is an organ of the United Nations. The organization holds that intellectualRead MoreStop Online Piracy Act ( Sopa ) - Why Did It Fail?975 Words   |  4 PagesStop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) – Why did it fail? SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act) was a bill proposed in the House of Representatives that aimed to tackle the growing problem of online piracy and copyright infringement. It targets foreign-based websites that contain any form of unauthorized copyright-infringing material such as movies or music by giving content-creators the right to stop any US businesses from providing payment services, advertising, or even dealing with prosecuted websites; essentiallyRead MoreEthics and Information Security Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology conflicts in the United States are privacy issues and how we cite, distribute and publish intellectual property on the internet. For instance, many corporations and people take advantage of the open access of the internet and the lack of legislation governing the right to post and upload information to the internet. Today, nearly every household in the United States has a computer with internet access and faces the challenge of ethical or unethical choi ces about the information they view andRead More Peer to Peer Piracy and the Film Industry Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesPeer to Peer Piracy and the Film Industry Introduction Each day an estimated 400,000 films exchange hands through the Internet. Movie piracy, once reserved to pirate syndicates and illegal duplication factories, has become a common staple among college students with high-speed internet access. With advanced compression technology, movie files can be transferred across continents in hours and across campus networks in under ten minutes. File-sharing is seen as a victimless crime, but the motionRead MoreThe History of Internet Piracy1122 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Internet Piracy and its Impacts Internet piracy and copyright infringement have become major issues around the globe. Internet piracy has also evolved significantly since its beginnings. The effects are particularly felt by multiple industries, including the music, movie and software industries. As a result of the overwhelming effects of piracy, many pieces of legislation have either been proposed or passed in the United States. Piracy has significantly impacted the Internet as a resultRead MorePsychological Profiling And Predictive Modelling3711 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction 4 3. Intellectual Property Rights 5 1) Patents 5 2) Trademarks 5 3) Copyrights 5 4) Trade Secrets 5 4. The Nature of Threats 6 1) Computer Hacking 6 2) Reverse Engineering 6 3) Physical multimedia piracy 6 4) Online Piracy 6 5) Disclosure of Emails 7 6) Disclosure of employees information 7 5. The Magnitude of the Threat 8 6. Offenders 9 7. The Source of Threat 10 1) Externally influenced theft of IP 10 2) Internally influenced theft of IP 10 8. Methods of stealing Intellectual Property 11 9. MitigationRead MoreIntellectual Property Is Intangible Property963 Words   |  4 PagesIntellectual property is intangible property that can be owned by law. The Law protects the four following areas. 1) Copyright- grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. 2) Trademark- a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product. 3) Patent- is the protections of an individual’s invention and the way its use. 4) Trade Secrets- A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument,

Dissecting Clarkes Cosmological Argument - 796 Words

Dissecting Clarke’s Cosmological Argument In the following paper, I will outline Samuel Clarke’s â€Å"Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument† and restate some of the points that he makes. Samuel Clarke’s argument for the existence of God states that â€Å"There has existed from eternity some one unchangeable and independent being† (37). The argument follows a logical flow and can be better understood when the structure is laid out and the argument reconstructed. Clarke begins his argument with a use of disjunctive syllogism, a form of valid logical reasoning that proposes two outcomes, denies one, and thus proves the other to be true. Clarke’s premise states that one of the two following statements must be true: either there has†¦show more content†¦He states that since the series of dependent beings couldn’t be caused by any external or internal source, that it would have to be cause â€Å"absolutely by nothing†. He then states that this is a â€Å"contradiction to be done in time; and because duration in this case makes no difference.† He also states that it is a â€Å"contradiction to suppose it done from eternity.† Since the universe has parts that come into existence at one occasion and not another, it must have a cause. There could supposedly be an infinite regress of causes if there was evidence for such, but lacking such evidence, God must exist as the cause. Clarke does not specifical ly identify God at any point in his argument. He ends with â€Å"There must be on the contrary, of necessity have existed from eternity, some one immutable and independent Being† (37). Whatever one chooses to call this â€Å"Being†, it is the one unchangeable and independent being that Clarke attempts to prove the existence of in his argument. Works Cited Feinberg, Joel, and Russ Shafer-Landau. Reason and Responsibility, Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy. 14th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2008.

The Return Midnight Chapter 31 Free Essays

Elena woke up feeling stiff and cramped. But that wasn’t surprising. Three other people seemed to be on top of her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Midnight Chapter 31 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Elena? Can you hear me? Stefan? Yes! You’re awake? I’m all cramped†¦and hot. A different voice interrupted. Just give us a moment and you won’t be cramped anymore. Elena felt Damon move away. Bonnie rol ed into his place. But Stefan clung to her for a moment. Elena, I’m sorry. I never even realized what condition you were in. Thank God for Damon. Can you forgive me? Despite the heat, Elena cuddled closer to him. If you can forgive me for putting the whole party in danger. I did that, didn’t I? I don’t know. I don’t care. All I know is that I love you. It was several minutes before Bonnie woke up. Then she said feebly, â€Å"Hey! Whachoo doin’in my bed?† â€Å"Getting out of it,†Elena said, and tried to rol over and get up. The world was wobbly. She was wobbly – and bruised. But Stefan was never more than a few inches away, holding her, righting her when she started to fal . He helped her get dressed without making her feel like a baby. He examined her backpack, which fortunately hadn’t gone into the water, and then he took out anything heavy inside. He put the heavy things in his own pack. Elena felt much better after being given some food, and after seeing the thurgs – both of them – eating too; either stretching their great double trunks up to break off pieces of wood from the barren trees, or scooping away snow to find dry grass underneath. They clearly were not going to die after al . Elena knew everyone was watching her to gauge whether or not she was up to any more that day. She hurried to finish drinking the tea heated over a dung fire, trying to conceal the fact that her hands shook. After forcing some jerky down, she said in her most cheerful voice, â€Å"So what next?† How do you feel? Stefan asked her. â€Å"Little sore, but I’l be fine. I guess everyone expects me to have pneumonia, but I don’t even have any cough.† Damon, after one heavy-lidded glance at Stefan, took both her hands and stared at her. She couldn’t – she didn’t dare – meet his eyes, so she focused on Stefan, who was looking at her comfortingly. At last Damon dropped Elena’s hands abruptly. â€Å"I went in as far as I could. You should know how far that is,†he added to Stefan. â€Å"She’s sound, her nose is wet, and her coat is shiny.† Stefan looked as if he were going to smack him one, but Elena took his hand soothingly. â€Å"I’m healthy,†she said. â€Å"So that’s two votes for me going on to save Fel ‘s Church.† â€Å"I’ve always believed in you,†Stefan said. â€Å"If you think you can go on, you can go on.† Bonnie sniffled. â€Å"Just don’t take any more chances, okay?†she said. â€Å"You scared me.† â€Å"I’m real y sorry,†Elena said gently, feeling the void of Meredith’s absence. Meredith would be a great help to both of them now. â€Å"So, shal we continue? And where are we heading? I’m al turned around.† Damon stood. â€Å"I think we just keep in a straight line. The path is narrow after this – and who knows what the next trial is?† The path was narrow – and misty. Just as before, it started in filmy veils and ended up blinding them. Elena let Stefan, with his catlike reflexes, go first, and she held on to his pack. Behind her, Bonnie clung like a burr. Just when Elena thought she was going to scream if she had to keep traveling through the white blanket any farther, it cleared. They were near the top of some mountain. Elena took off after Bonnie, who had hurried ahead at the sight of transparent air. She was just fast enough to grab on to Bonnie’s pack and pul her backward as she reached the place where the land stopped. â€Å"No way!†Bonnie cried, setting up a clamoring echo from below. â€Å"There is no way I’m going across that!† That was a chasm with a very thin bridge spanning it. The chasm was frosty white on either side at the top, but when Elena gripped the bridge’s ice-cold metal poles and leaned a little forward she could see glacial blues and greens at the very bottom. A chil wind hit her face. The gap between this bit of the world and the next bit directly in front of them was about a hundred yards long. Elena looked from the shadowy depths to the slender bridge, which was made of wooden slats and just wide enough for one person to walk on. It was supported here and there by ropes which ran to the sides of the chasm and were sunk with metal posts into barren, icy rock. It also swooped magnificently down and then back up again. Even looking at it gave the eye a sort of mini?Cthril ride. The only problem was that it didn’t include a safety belt, a seat, two handrails, and a uniformed guide saying, â€Å"Hands and feet must be kept inside the attraction at alltimes!†It did have a single, thin, creeper-woven rope to hold on to on the left. â€Å"Look,†Stefan was saying, as quietly and intently as Elena had ever heard him speak, â€Å"we can hold onto each other. We can go go one by one, very slowly – â€Å" â€Å"NOOO!† Bonnie put into that one word a psychic shriek that almost defeaned Elena. â€Å"No, no, no, no, NO! You don’t understand! I can’t DO IT!† She flung her backpack down. Then she began laughing and crying at the same time in a ful -blown attack of hysterics. Elena had an impulse to dash water in her face. She had a stronger impulse to throw herself down beside Bonnie and shriek, â€Å"And neither can I! It’s insane!†But what good would that do? A few minutes later Damon was talking quietly to Bonnie, unaffected by the outburst. Stefan was pacing in circles. Elena was trying to think of Plan A, while a little voice chanted inside her head, You can’t do it, you can’t do it, you can’t do it, either. This was al just a phobia. They could probably train Bonnie out of it – if, say, they had a year or two. Stefan, on one of his circular trips near her, said, â€Å"And how are you about heights, love?† Elena decided to put a brave face on it. â€Å"I don’t know. I think I can do it.† Stefan looked pleased. â€Å"To save your hometown.† â€Å"Yes†¦but it’s too bad nothing works here. I could try to use my Wings for flying, but I can’t control them – â€Å" And that kind of magic is simply not available here, Stefan’s voice said in her mind. But telepathy is. You can hear me, too, can’t you? They thought of the answer simultaneously, and Elena saw the light of the idea breaking on Stefan’s face even as she began to speak. â€Å"Influence Bonnie! Make her think she’s a tightrope walker – a performer since she was a toddler. But don’t make her too playful so she doesn’t bounce the rest of us off!† With that light in his face, Stefan looked†¦too good. He seized both Elena’s hands, whirled her around once as if she weighed nothing, picked her up, and kissed her. And kissed her. And kissed her until Elena felt her soul dripping off her fingertips. They shouldn’t have done it in front of Damon. But Elena’s euphoria was clouding her judgment, and she couldn’t control herself. Neither of them had been trying for a deep mind probe. But telepathy was al they had left, and it was warm and wonderful and it left them for an instant in the circle of each other’s arms, laughing, panting – with electricity flashing between them. Elena’s whole body felt as if she’d just gotten a sizable jolt. Then she pul ed herself out of his arms, but it was too late. Their shared gaze had gone on much too long, and Elena felt her heart pounding in fear. She could feel Damon’s eyes on her. She barely managed to whisper, â€Å"Wil you tel them?† â€Å"Yes,†Stefan said softly. â€Å"I’l tel them.†But he didn’t move until she actual y turned her back on Bonnie and Damon. After that she peeked over her shoulder and listened. Stefan sat down by the sobbing girl and said, â€Å"Bonnie, can you look at me? That’s al I want. I promise you, you don’t have to go across that bridge if you don’t want to. You don’t even have to stop crying, but try to look me in the eye. Can you do that? Good. Now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ His voice and even his face changed subtly, becoming more forceful – mesmerizing. â€Å"You’re not afraid of heights at all, are you? You’re an acrobat who could walk a tightrope across the Grand Canyon and never turn a hair. You’re the very best of al your family, the flying McCul oughs, and they’re the best in the world. And right now, you’re going to choose whether to cross over that wooden bridge. If so, you’l lead us. You’l be our leader.† Slowly, while listening to Stefan, Bonnie’s face had changed. With swol en eyes fixed on Stefan’s, she seemed to be listening intently to something in her own head. And final y, as Stefan said the last sentence, she jumped up and looked at the bridge. â€Å"Okay, let’s go!†she cried, picking up her backpack, while Elena sat staring after her. â€Å"Can you make it?†Stefan asked, looking at Elena. â€Å"We’l let her go first – there’s real y no way she can fal off. I’l go after her. Elena can come after me and hold on to my belt, and I’m counting on you, Damon, to hold on to her. Especial y if she starts to faint.† â€Å"I’l hold her,†Damon said quietly. Elena wanted to ask Stefan to Influence her, too, but everything was happening so fast. Bonnie was already on the bridge, only pausing when cal ed back by Stefan. Stefan was looking behind him at Elena, saying, â€Å"Can you get a good grip?†Damon was behind Elena, putting a strong hand on her shoulder, and saying, â€Å"Look straight ahead, not down. Don’t worry about fainting; I’l catch you.† But it was such a frail wooden bridge, and Elena found that she was always looking down and her stomach floated up outside her body and above her head. She had a death-grip on Stefan’s belt with one hand, and on the woven creeper with the other. They came to a place where a slat had detached and the slats on either side looked as if they might go at any moment. â€Å"Careful with these!†Bonnie said, laughing and leaping over al three. Stefan stepped over the first chancy slat, over the missing one, and put his foot on the next. Crack! Elena didn’t scream – she was beyond screaming. She couldn’t look. The sound had shut her eyes. And she couldn’t move. Not a finger. Certainly not a foot. She felt Damon’s arms around her waist. Both of them. She wanted to let him support her weight as he had many times before. But Damon was whispering to her, words like spel s that allowed her legs to stop shaking and cramping and even let her stop breathing so fast that she might faint. And then he was lifting her and Stefan’s arms were going around her and for a moment they were both holding her firmly. Then Stefan took her weight and gently put her feet down on firm slats. Elena wanted to cling to him like a koala, but she knew that she mustn’t. She would make them both fal . So somewhere, from inner depths she didn’t know she had, she found the courage to take her own weight on her feet and fumbled for the creeper. Then she lifted her head and whispered as loudly as she could, â€Å"Go on. We need to give Damon room.† â€Å"Yes,†Stefan whispered back. But he kissed her on the forehead, a quick protective kiss, before he turned and stepped toward the impatient Bonnie. Behind her, Elena heard – and felt – Damon jumping catlike over the gap. Elena raised her eyes to stare at the back of Stefan’s head again. She couldn’t compass al the emotions she was feeling at that moment: love, terror, awe, excitement – and, of course, gratitude, al at once. She didn’t dare turn her head to look at Damon behind her, but she felt exactly the same things for him. â€Å"A few more steps,†he kept saying. â€Å"A few more steps.† A brief eternity later, they were on solid ground, facing a medium-sized cavern, and Elena fel to her knees. She was sick and faint, but she tried to thank Damon as he passed by her on the snowy mountain trail. â€Å"You were in my way,†he said shortly and as coldly as the wind. â€Å"If you had fal en you might have upset the entire bridge. And I don’t happen to feel like dying today.† â€Å"What are you saying to her? What did you just say?†Stefan, who had been out of earshot, came hurrying back. â€Å"What did he say to you?† Damon, examining his palm for creeper thorns, said without looking up, â€Å"I told her the truth, that’s al . So far she’s zero for two on this quest. Let’s hope that as long as you make it through they let you in the Gatehouse, because if they’re grading on performance we’ve flunked. Or should I say, one of us has flunked?† â€Å"Shut up or I’ll shut you up,† Stefan said in a different voice than Elena had ever heard him use before. She stared. It was as if he’d grown ten years in one second. â€Å"Don’t you ever talk to her or about her that way again, Damon!† Damon stared at him for a moment, pupils contracted. Then he said, â€Å"Whatever,†and strol ed away. Stefan bent down to hold Elena until her shaking stopped. And that’s that, Elena thought. An ice-cold rage gripped her. Damon had no respect for her at all; he had none for anyone but himself. She couldn’t protect Bonnie from Bonnie’s own feelings – or stop him from insulting her. She couldn’t stop Bonnie for forgiving. But she, Elena, was done with Damon. This last insult was the end. The fog came in again as they walked through the cavern. How to cite The Return: Midnight Chapter 31, Essay examples

Microsoft Target Market - Segmentation and Positioning Example

Question: Discuss about the Segmentation,Targeting and Positioning for Microsoft Company. Answer: The Microsoft Company Microsoft is a corporation of multinational computer technology that was started in the year 1975 by Bill Gates. Since the Microsoft Company launched the lumia 950 in the Australian market, about 80% of Australians now use the device. The total number of smartphones in Australia is nearly 15 million currently. Australians are normally people who like multitasking, and within a day, you will find many of them glancing at their smartphones. Segmentation, Targeting and positioning is the strategy that the Microsoft Company is using primarily to promote the lumia 950. The Microsoft Company uses this Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) approach to bring about communications in marketing since it enables the company to make propositions their priority. The Microsoft Company does this to keep their audience engaged. The STP is a method of great significance in marketing of smartphones. Application of personas can significantly improve digital communications of more relevance as indicated by the alternative approaches of the tactical customer segmentation (Sarasvathy, 2001). The Microsoft Company uses STP in the following ways. It is a fact that in every organization, brand or product may not be all that people look for. This is the reason every company must use STP. Microsoft uses segmentation of markets to group customers into small groups that are easy to reach. By doing so, they are able to meet the needs of each group effectively thus making them more competitive in the market. They identify niches in the Australian markets through segmentation. The company ventures into the mature markets to look for new potential buyers while providing more effective and focused messages meant for marketing. The company realized that the needs of marketing lumia 950 are the same across the entire country. The Microsoft Company designed the messages for reaching customers for every segment in a way that emphasized relevant advantages and features that were needed. The approach like this one is very appropriate since it helps in delivering the best mix to the same group of people (Cravens Piercy, 2006). Ways the Company used to Segment the audience Demographs This is a strategy where the market is broken down in terms of age, gender, income, economic status and ethnic backgrounds. It also considers size of the market and residential places. The Microsoft Company uses demographic information to break down the market into sections so that they can easily reach the audience. Lumia is a smartphone and it is popular among youths. Targeting only the youths makes the Microsoft Company increase their sales since the youths really like smartphones (Harrell, 2002). Psychographics This refers to a way of revoking emotions of a person by telling them how a brand of a particular product is able to help them. By doing so, the person develops interest that later leads to loyalty in that particular product. Microsoft uses psychography to completely change the attitudes of the people. This not only increases their sales but also enables people to become attached to the product thus talking good of it to even bring in more customers (Kamakura, Kim Lee, 1996). Beliefs and Values Different groups of people have different beliefs and values on particular things. People have different political, religious and cultural vies about smartphones. Microsoft Company promotes lumia 950 in Australia by making the people feel safe while using it. They dispel away any fears and concerns that people normally have regarding such items. So many people might have attached different beliefs regarding smartphones (Moschis, Lee Mathur, 1997). These are the myths that the Microsoft Company seeks tro dispel away. By doing so, they make sure that people feel safe while considering using such devices. Life Stages Observing chronological life stages of different people is a good way of discovering what people love in different stages of their lives. Microsoft brought into the market the lumia 950 at a time when most of the Australian youths needed smartphones and as a result, they found instant market for the product. They perfectly timed the time to enter the market. During this time, most people had the urge to use smartphones but they lacked information regarding the usage. Microsoft Company made the people aware of the use of smartphones and explained different features that were found in lumia 950. After doing so, the Australians started developing interest and most of them strived to own a mobile device. The Microsoft Company made a lot of sales as a result (Moschis, Lee Mathur,1997). Geography Microsoft made sure that every region across Australia had sufficient information regarding lumia 950. The company did vigorous promotion and made sure that everybody, regardless of where they lived had access to the information about the device. To make sure that they reach all the regions, Microsoft employed the use of brochures, the Internet and the use of television to reach audience across the country (Natter, et al., 2008). Use of brochures proved to be very effective in helping Microsoft reach the audience across Australia. Apart from driving traffic to their website, the use of brochures made many people aware of the phone by improving the interaction between the people and their customers. Microsoft Company used QR codes to make the gap of the flat narrower. In their use of brochures to promote lumia 950, Microsoft came up with a clear strategy and message they want to pass across to their audience. Though the content they write is brief, they are normally to the point and whenever the client read them, they were sure of what was being said. In addition to that, Microsoft uses taglines and blurbs that are attractive and keep the customer interested while reading, thus making sure they read it to the end (Stokes, 2000). The Microsoft Company uses practical design in its brochures. Their brochures are in attractive colos that attract the readers and make them enjoy reading to the end. Another aspect that Microsoft considers while designing its brochures is readability. The company makes sure that the printed words are easily readable even to those who have difficulties reading without wearing glasses. The use of websites has become quite common in marketing today. Microsoft uses website to promote lumia 950 to people who like hanging on the Internet. Through the use of websites, it is easy to target those who spend most of the time in their offices with the Internet (Smith Hirst, 2001). Product Positioning When it comes to product positioning, it is important that every firm finds out how best to position its product. This is so because the aim of any business entity is to target the customer segment that is most valuable. After that, they can come up with the most significant customer mix that will have the most impact in the market (Wood, 2011). Microsoft Company considers first why their product should be purchased and not that of their customers. This helps them find the best way of positioning lumia 950. Microsoft Company uses the criteria of product positioning to identify the most effective way of communicatin the features of lumia 950 to the target groups (Ellson, 2004). They first find out the needs of the customers, competitiveness, the channels of communication available and key messages that are carefully crafted. By effectively positioning lumia 950, Microsoft ensures that there is a resonate of messages with the consumers they are targeting. This makes it necessary for them to take action. Apart from Microsoft lumia 950, there are other brands of smartphones that compete in the Australian market. The major ones are Samsung Galaxy S7, iPhone 6s 6s Plus, Google Nexus 5X and HTC 10 (Dibb Simkin, 1991). Market Positioning: It is clear from the market positioning above that Microsoft lumia though highly priced, but still is of high quality. Marketing positioning helps Microsoft Company focus on the quality of Microsoft lumia while considering its market price. These kinds of maps help firms like Microsoft lumia come up with a positioning strategy to enable it compete in the market favourably. By studying the positioning maps, Microsoft can determine the positions of other products in the market and therefore determine where to place its product in the market. Knowing how the other firms price their items also enable you become aware of how to price yours (Bowen, 1998). Microsoft Company has done everything possible to promote lumia 950 in the Australian market. From segmentation, targeting to positioning, the company has done everything it can to make sure that the Australians know about the smartphone. Because of this, it has made a lot of sales and a remarkable step ahead of its competitors. References Bowen, J. T. (1998). Market segmentation in hospitality research: no longer a sequential process. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 10(7), 289-296. Dibb, S., Simkin, L. (1991). Targeting, segments and positioning. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 19(3). Ellson, T. (2004). Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. In Culture and Positioning as Determinants of Strategy (pp. 21-34). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Cravens, D. W., Piercy, N. (2006). Strategic marketing (Vol. 7). New York: McGraw-Hill. Harrell, G. D. (2002). Marketing: connecting with customers. Pearson College Division. Kamakura, W. A., Kim, B. D., Lee, J. (1996). Modeling preference and structural heterogeneity in consumer choice. Marketing Science, 15(2), 152-172. Moschis, G. P., Lee, E., Mathur, A. (1997). Targeting the mature market: opportunities and challenges. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(4), 282-293. Natter, M., Mild, A., Wagner, U., Taudes, A. (2008). Practice Prize Report-Planning New Tariffs at tele. ring: The Application and Impact of an Integrated Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Tool. Marketing Science, 27(4), 600-609. Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of management Review, 26(2), 243-263. Smith, G., Hirst, A. (2001). Strategic political segmentation-A new approach for a new era of political marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 35(9/10), 1058-1073. Stokes, D. (2000). Entrepreneurial marketing: a conceptualisation from qualitative research. Qualitative market research: an international journal, 3(1), 47-54. Wood, M. B. (2011). The marketing plan handbook. Pearson Higher Ed.

Chapter 1 Essays (9523 words) - Psychology, Behavior,

Chapter 1 What Is Psychology? MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of |a.|behavior and mental processes. | |b.|diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disorders. | |c.|conscious and unconscious mental processes. | |d.|the mind. | ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: BTC 2. The scientific study of behavior and mental processes describes |a.|behaviorism. |c.|psychology. | |b.|psychoanalysis. |d.|clinical psychology. | ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual 3. Eduardo DeLeon is engaged in scientific research involving the study of behavior and mental processes. DeLeon is a |a.|psychotherapist. |c.|psychiatrist. | |b.|psychoanalyst. |d.|psychologist. | ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Applied 4. As a science, Psychology has four goals. Which of the following is NOT one of those goals? |a.|eliminate behavior |c.|predict behavior | |b.|explain behavior |d.|control behavior | ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual 5. A __________ proposes a relationship among observed events. |a.|science |c.|prediction | |b.|theory |d.|school of psychology | ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual 6. A satisfactory psychological theory of thirst would |a.|be able to predict when people will or will not drink. | |b.|be able to describe age-related drinking behavior. | |c.|both a and b. | |d.|none of these. | ANS: C DIF: 3 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 7. Theories allow psychologists to make __________ such as a client's chance of recovery. |a.|descriptions |c.|predictions | |b.|explanations |d.|beliefs | ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Applied 8. Which of the following is NOT true of psychological theories? |a.|Theories make assumptions about behavior. | |b.|Theories explain behavior and mental processes. | |c.|Predictions are derived from theories. | |d.|Theories are always discarded as new observations are made. | ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 KEY: WWW MSC: TYPE: Factual 9. The clinical psychologist's aim in applying prediction and control principles to a client's behavior is to |a.|decide the treatment. | |b.|help the client meet his or her goals in treatment. | |c.|allow the client a narrow range of options for his or her | | |behavior. | |d.|use a database to formulate a treatment for the client. | ANS: B DIF: 3 REF: 1-4 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Applied 10. Dr. Rossini is developing a training program to help a young woman with mental retardation to sort clothes in the laundry of the residential facility in which she lives. Whenever she performs her job according to the protocol, she receives a reward. If she does not stay on task, she receives no reward. Applying the principles of learning theory to the direct modification of human conduct is referred to as |a.|pure research. |c.|psychoanalysis. | |b.|basic research. |d.|the practice of psychology. | ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 11. The results of ________ research in the study of the perceptual development of infants and lower animals is often useful in formulating the treatment of visual disorders in humans. |a.|pure |c.|controlled | |b.|basic |d.|action | ANS: A DIF: 3 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 12. Applied research is research undertaken |a.|with humans. |c.|for its own sake. | |b.|with lower animals. |d.|to find solutions to specific| | | | |problems. | ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Factual 13. The difference between pure and applied research is the difference between |a.|prediction and control. | |b.|practice and theory. | |c.|research for its own sake and research to solve specific | | |problems. | |d.|application and adaptation. | ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 14. Research using computers to understand artificial intelligence is an example of __________ research. |a.|pure |c.|longitudinal | |b.|applied |d.|none of these | ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied 15. Dr. Langer is treating a college student for depression in his private practice. Most likely Dr. Langer is a(n) __________ psychologist. |a.|counseling |c.|educational | |b.|school |d.|clinical | ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 KEY: WWW MSC: TYPE: Applied 16. Jean, a divorced mother with two children, married Harry, a widower with a teenage daughter. From the onset of her relationship with Harry, Jean had difficulty in relating to his daughter. Once married, the family problems between stepmother and stepdaughter became exacerbated. Who might be consulted? |a.|a developmental psychologist |c.|a counseling psychologist | |b.|an educational psychologist |d.|a psychiatric social worker | ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Applied 17. Diagnosing the severity of mental illness and behavior problems is usually the job of a(n) __________ psychologist. |a.|clinical |c.|school | |b.|counseling |d.|educational | ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-5 OBJ: 2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 18. School psychologists are employed by school districts to |a.|develop achievement and aptitude

Thomas Riley Marshall Essays - Presidency Of Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Riley Marshall Essays - Presidency Of Woodrow Wilson Thomas Riley Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall was born in North Ranchester, Indiana on March 14, 1854. He graduated from Wabash College in 1873 where he studied law. Afterwards he was admitted to the Indiana bar in 1875, practicing his profession in Columbia City. His father was a physician. He was also a popular public speaker and active in local Democratic politics. Marshall was a small town lawyer when he received the nomination for governor in 1908, a compromise darkhorse candidate. His political party for governor was Democratic and he was also very progressive. He was a popular governor, although his attempts to have the state adopt a new constitution failed. He stayed governor until 1913. At the democratic national convention in Baltimore in 1912, Marshall was the favorite-son candidate of Indiana for the presidency. When Woodrow Wilson was nominated for president, Marshall was chosen for the vice presidency. Wilson was reelected in 1916; Marshall served with him until 1921. Marshall also served as presiding officer of the senate. Thomas Marshall was the twenty-eighth vice president of the United States. He was the vice president for eight years under Woodrow Wilson. During his terms as vice president, he was well known for his wit. He achieved fame for his remark, "What this country needs is a really good five cent cigar." He said this aside while in a senate debate in 1917. Slight of stature and impeccably groomed, Marshall continued as a popular orator even after retiring from the vice presidency. His autobiography is an entertaining record of his career. The book contains more in depth coverage of his vice presidency. During Wilson's serious illness, beginning in late 1919, Marshall considered declaring himself as acting president. He didn't though because he feared that his action could divide the country. Marshall died in Washington D.C. on June 1, 1925.

Leadership and Management Commitment Research Paper

Leadership and Management Commitment - Research Paper Example Without leadership and management commitment, the organization is destined to fail. Mannan and Lees (2005) highlights that some of the ways in which leadership and management commitment is demonstrated include providing safety a high profile, giving the organization managers safety goals, supporting organization managers whose main concern is safety as far as their decision making is concerned, operating an active audit system and take action in cases of deficiencies and incidents. Mannan and Lees (2005) argues that safety ought to be given a high profile and this can only be possible when various measures are put in place in addition to considering safety as the first item on the agenda of the organization’s meetings and also making sure that all the employees are informed of the actions taken by the management both in the initiation of, as well as in response to various safety matters. Burns (2002) argues that today’s organizational managers are generally aware of the significance of safety, including grave incident prevention. However; a great number of them are normally overwhelmed by the pressure to attain excellence in a number of key areas of performances within their organizations. Other than safety operations, their attentions as organizational leaders are normally focused on productivity, customer service, product quality and cost control. To complicate things further, these goals more often than not appear to be tension with each other, with organizational managers finding it difficult to improve performance in one particular area without adversely impacting on the others. It is therefore a workplace reality that dignified intentions by organizational managers are not enough to attain desired results within organization, and as a result managers ought to demonstrate effective leadership and

Gender communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender communication - Essay Example This essay "Gender communication" outlines the roles that genders are charged with in the society. The concept of gender is a fluid construct. This is because the environment one lives in, and generally the society determines a person’s gender. The society has come up with two distinct gender types. These include the masculine gender and the feminine gender. Masculinity and femininity have characteristics, which vary. The feminine gender is considered quiet, timid, nurturing, and fragile. On the other hand, the masculine gender is considered aggressive, strong, brave, and noisy. However, these traits vary across different societies. Although these traits are attached to the different genders, no man or woman is born with them instead, one acquires them in their own society through the process of socialization. Different communities in the world are different and have varying cultures. Therefore, the aspect of gender also varies among different communities. This therefore, make s gender to be a social or cultural construct, since it is the community, which determines it. In society, the different genders are charged with different roles, and are expected to fulfil different expectations by the society. Failure to adhere to the prescribed gender roles is regarded deviant behaviour in the society. Therefore, the psychological girls in society, who act in a masculine manner and the psychological boys acting in a feminine manner, are sanctioned for failing to act within the boundaries of their respective gender. Different communities will sanction those people crossing their gender lines in different ways. Since this is the case, the individuals who are intersexed will therefore, struggle with the issue of gender identity, since it is hard for them to determine their gender identity, considering their biological set up. As a female, in my society, I belong to the feminine gender. I am therefore, expected to act in a â€Å"feminine† manner, and not in a â€Å"masculine† manner. I realize that this social construction of gender begins early in a person’s life. When babies are born, there is already a designated type of colour for them, depending on their gender. For instance, the girls, because they are feminine, will be dressed in pink clothes, while boys, by virtue of being masculine, are dressed in blue clothes. This is because my society has made people believe that girls should wear bright colours. When I was a little girl, I remember wearing all the bright colours, including pink, yellow, red, and orange, among others. This continues to persist, as today, most men are rarely seen wearing bright colours. Men wear dark and neutral colours, while women wear all the colours, especially the bright ones (Mooney, Knox and Schacht 18). As a feminine gender, the society expects that I be a nurturing person. This also starts when a girl is in her early years. The kind of toys my parents bought me and my brothers reflect this aspect of nurturing and femininity. While my brothers and other boys were bought for machine toys, the other girls and I were brought dolls, which we assumed were our babies. Boys would get rowdy and aggressive playing with their gun toys, car toys, and other machine toys, while we the girls were busy role-playing our mums, taking care of babies and feeding them. Although this aspect begins at a tender age, it has a big impact on the latter life of the girls and boys. For instance, today, this kind of social construction of gender h as proved to be problematic as far as careers are concerned. When girls are limited to the kind of toys they should play with when young, this might lock out many opportunities for her in future. It becomes hard for them to develop other interests, apart from nurturing. Today, fields such as computing and engineering, among other technical fields, record the lowest number of females. This is probably because these women were denied the chance to play with machine toys while young, thereby, limiting their interests in life. On the other hand, the field of nursing registers the least number of males. Nursing

Leadership Theories From Mahatma Gandhi To Winston Management Essay

Leadership Theories From Mahatma Gandhi To Winston Management Essay From Mahatma Gandhi to Winston Churchill to Martin Luther King, there are as many leadership styles as there are leaders. Fortunately, businesspeople and psychologists have developed useful and simple ways to describe the main styles of leadership, and these can help aspiring leaders understand which styles they should use. So, whether you manage a team at work, captain a sports team, or lead a major corporation, which approach is best? Consciously, or subconsciously, youll probably use some of the leadership styles in this article at some point. Understanding these styles and their impact can help you develop your own, personal leadership style and help you become a more effective leader. With this in mind, there are many different frameworks that have shaped our current understanding of leadership, and many of these have their place, just as long as theyre used appropriately. This article looks at some of the most common frameworks, and then looks at popular styles of leadership. Leadership Theories Researchers have developed a number of leadership theories over the years. These fall into four main groups: 1. Behavioral theories What does a good leader do? Behavioral theories focus on how leaders behave. Do they dictate what needs to be done and expect cooperation? Or do they involve the team in decisions to encourage acceptance and support? In the 1930s, Kurt Lewin developed a leadership framework based on a leaders decision-making behavior. Lewin argued that there are three types of leaders: Autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting their teams. This is considered appropriate when decisions genuinely need to be taken quickly, when theres no need for input, and when team agreement isnt necessary for a successful outcome. Democratic leaders allow the team to provide input before making a decision, although the degree of input can vary from leader to leader. This type of style is important when team agreement matters, but it can be quite difficult to manage when there are lots of different perspectives and ideas. Laissez-faire leaders dont interfere; they allow people within the team to make many of the decisions. This works well when the team is highly capable and motivated, and when it doesnt need close monitoring or supervision. However, this style can arise because the leader is lazy or distracted, and, here, this approach can fail. Similar to Lewins model, the Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid helps you decide how best to lead, depending on your concern for people versus your concern for production. The model describes five different leadership styles: impoverished, country club, team leader, produce or perish, or middle of the road. The descriptions of these will help you understand your own leadership habits and adapt them to meet your teams needs. Clearly, then, how leaders behave impacts on their effectiveness. Researchers have realized, though, that many of these leadership behaviors are appropriate at different times. So, the best leaders are those who can use many different behavioral styles and use the right style for each situation. 2. Contingency theories How does the situation influence good leadership? The realization that there isnt one correct type of leader led to theories that the best leadership style is contingent on, or depends on, the situation. These theories try to predict which leadership style is best in which circumstance. When a decision is needed fast, which style is preferred? When the leader needs the full support of the team, is there a better way to lead? Should a leader be more people oriented or task oriented? These are all examples of questions that contingency leadership theories try to address. A popular contingency-based framework is the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, which links leadership style with the maturity of individual members of the leaders team. 3. Trait theories What type of person makes a good leader? Trait theories argue that leaders share a number of common personality traits and characteristics, and that leadership emerges from these traits. Early trait theories promoted the idea that leadership is an innate, instinctive quality that you either have or dont have. Thankfully, weve moved on from this approach, and were learning more about what we can do as individuals to develop leadership qualities within ourselves and others. Whats more, traits are external behaviors that emerge from things going on within the leaders mind and its these internal beliefs and processes that are important for effective leadership. Trait theory does, however, help us identify some qualities that are helpful when leading others and, together, these emerge as a generalized leadership style. Examples include empathy, assertiveness, good decision-making, and likability. In our article Building TomorrowHYPERLINK http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_62.htmHYPERLINK http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_62.htms Leaders, we discuss a series of attributes that are important for all types of leaders to develop. However, none of these traits, nor any combination of them, will guarantee success as a leader. You need more than that. 4. Power and influence theories What is the source of the leaders power? Power and influence theories of leadership take an entirely different approach. Theyre based on the different ways in which leaders use power and influence to get things done, and the leadership styles that emerge as a result. Perhaps the most well known of these theories is French and RavenHYPERLINK http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_56.htmHYPERLINK http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_56.htms Five Forms of Power. This model distinguishes between using your position to exert power, and using your personal attributes to be powerful. French and Raven identified three types of positional power legitimate, reward, and coercive and two sources of personal power expert and referent (your personal appeal and charm). The model suggests that using personal power is the better alternative and, because Expert Power (the power that comes with being a real expert in the job) is the most legitimate of these, that you should actively work on building this. Similarly, leading by example is another highly effective way to establish and sustain a positive influence with your team. Another valid leadership style thats supported by power and influence theories is Transactional Leadership. This approach assumes that work is done only because it is rewarded, and for no other reason, and it therefore focuses on designing tasks and reward structures. While it may not be the most appealing leadership strategy in terms of building relationships and developing a long-term motivating work environment, it does work, and its used in most organizations on a daily basis to get things done. An Up-to-Date Understanding of Leadership Within all of these theories, frameworks, and approaches to leadership, theres an underlying message that leaders need to have a variety of factors working in their favor. Effective leadership is not simply based on a set of attributes, behaviors, or influences. You must have a wide range of abilities and approaches that you can draw upon. Having said this, however, theres one leadership style that is appropriate in very many corporate situations that of Transformational Leadership. A leader using this style: Has integrity. Sets clear goals. Clearly communicates a vision. Sets a good example. Expects the best from the team. Encourages. Supports. Recognizes good work and people. Provides stimulating work. Helps people see beyond their self-interests and focus more on team interests and needs. Inspires. In short, transformational leaders are exceptionally motivating, and theyre trusted. When your team trusts you, and is really fired up by the way you lead, you can achieve great things! The transformational leadership style is the dominant leadership style taught in our How to Lead: Discover the Leader Within You program, although we do recommend that other styles are brought in as the situation demands. Having said that Transformational Leadership suits very many circumstances in business, we need to remember that there may be situations where its not the best style. This is why its worth knowing about the other styles shown below so that you have a greater chance of finding the right combination for the situation you find yourself in. Popular Leadership Styles A Glossary The leadership theories and styles discussed so far fit within formal theoretical frameworks. However, many more terms are used to describe leadership styles, even if these dont fit within a particular system. Its worth understanding these! 1. Autocratic leadership Autocratic leadership is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where leaders have absolute power over their workers or team. Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these would be in the teams or the organizations best interest. Most people tend to resent being treated like this. Therefore, autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover. However, for some routine and unskilled jobs, the style can remain effective because the advantages of control may outweigh the disadvantages. 2. Bureaucratic leadership Bureaucratic leaders work by the book. They follow rules rigorously, and ensure that their staff follows procedures precisely. This is a very appropriate style for work involving serious safety risks (such as working with machinery, with toxic substances, or at dangerous heights) or where large sums of money are involved (such as handling cash). 3. Charismatic leadership A charismatic leadership style can seem similar to transformational leadership, because these leaders inspire lots of enthusiasm in their teams and are very energetic in driving others forward. However, charismatic leaders can tend to believe more in themselves than in their teams, and this creates a risk that a project, or even an entire organization, might collapse if the leader leaves. In the eyes of the followers, success is directly connected to the presence of the charismatic leader. As such, charismatic leadership carries great responsibility, and it needs a long-term commitment from the leader. 4. Democratic leadership or participative leadership Although democratic leaders make the final decisions, they invite other members of the team to contribute to the decision-making process. This not only increases job satisfaction by involving team members, but it also helps to develop peoples skills. Team members feel in control of their own destiny, so theyre motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward. Because participation takes time, this approach can take longer, but often the end result is better. The approach can be most suitable when working as a team is essential, and when quality is more important than speed to market, or productivity. 5. Laissez-faire leadership This French phrase means leave it be, and its used to describe leaders who leave their team members to work on their own. It can be effective if the leader monitors whats being achieved and communicates this back to the team regularly. Most often, laissez-faire leadership is effective when individual team members are very experienced and skilled self-starters. Unfortunately, this type of leadership can also occur when managers dont apply sufficient control. 6. People-oriented leadership or relations-oriented leadership This is the opposite of task-oriented leadership. With people-oriented leadership, leaders are totally focused on organizing, supporting, and developing the people in their teams. Its a participative style, and it tends to encourage good teamwork and creative collaboration. In practice, most leaders use both task-oriented and people-oriented styles of leadership. 7. Servant leadership This term, created by Robert Greenleaf in the 1970s, describes a leader who is often not formally recognized as such. When someone, at any level within an organization, leads simply by meeting the needs of the team, he or she is described as a servant leader. In many ways, servant leadership is a form of democratic leadership, because the whole team tends to be involved in decision making. Supporters of the servant leadership model suggest that its an important way to move ahead in a world where values are increasingly important, and where servant leaders achieve power on the basis of their values and ideals. Others believe that in competitive leadership situations, people who practice servant leadership can find themselves left behind by leaders using other leadership styles. 8. Task-Oriented leadership Highly task-oriented leaders focus only on getting the job done, and they can be quite autocratic. They actively define the work and the roles required, put structures in place, plan, organize, and monitor. However, because task-oriented leaders dont tend to think much about the well-being of their teams, this approach can suffer many of the flaws of autocratic leadership, with difficulties in motivating and retaining staff. 9. Transactional leadership This style of leadership starts with the idea that team members agree to obey their leader totally when they accept a job. The transaction is usually the organization paying the team members in return for their effort and compliance. The leader has a right to punish team members if their work doesnt meet the pre-determined standard. Team members can do little to improve their job satisfaction under transactional leadership. The leader could give team members some control of their income/reward by using incentives that encourage even higher standards or greater productivity. Alternatively, a transactional leader could practice management by exception rather than rewarding better work, the leader could take corrective action if the required standards are not met. Transactional leadership is really a type of management, not a true leadership style, because the focus is on short-term tasks. It has serious limitations for knowledge-based or creative work, however it can be effective in other situations. 10. Transformational leadership As we discussed earlier, people with this leadership style are true leaders who inspire their teams constantly with a shared vision of the future. While this leaders enthusiasm is often passed onto the team, he or she can need to be supported by detail people. Thats why, in many organizations, both transactional and transformational leadership are needed. The transactional leaders (or managers) ensure that routine work is done reliably, while the transformational leaders look after initiatives that add new value. Key Points While the transformational leadership approach is often highly effective, theres no one right way to lead or manage that fits all situations. To choose the most effective approach for yourself, consider the following: The skill levels and experience of your team. The work involved (routine, or new and creative). The organizational environment (stable or radically changing, conservative or adventurous). You own preferred or natural style. Good leaders often switch instinctively between styles, according to the people they lead and the work that needs to be done. Establish trust thats key to this process and remember to balance the needs of the organization against the needs of your team.

Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essays -- Charles Dickens Great Ex

Charles Dickens' Great Expectations One of Dickens’ most popular novels ‘Great Expectations’ is a griping search for identity- the narrator’s self-identity Pip has been born into a difficult world in the early years of the 19th Century. Philip Pirrip is the narrator of ‘Great Expectations’. In the book he is known as Pip. He called himself Pip because as a young child his infant tongue could only get across to Pip. I the first few chapters of the book he is described as a timid, sensitive and guilt-ridden person. His parents had died earlier, probably due to poverty. Pip is living with his sister, who intimidates him in every form. We realise his intimidation when he arrives late from the graveyard, â€Å"I twisted the only button on my waistcoat round and round, and looked in great depress at the fire. Tickler was a wax-ended piece of cane, worn smooth by collision with my tickled frame† I see a parallel between Dickens and Pip. Dickens’s lived in an over-crowded place when he was young. His parents had no intentions of sending him to school. He spent his days running errands and doing chores around the house also his younger sister died of smallpox just like, Pip’s brothers and sisters. Dickens was very concerned with social issues like poverty. At the time when the book was written, there was a very high level of infant mortality, which was made worse by deaths among poor adults, hence the number of orphans. The first meeting with Magwitch is in the churchyard, where Pip is lost in childish absorption grappling with his family’s fate. His state of mind is very unstable when Pip is grabbed violently and the convict threatened to cut his throat if he was to make noise. Pip imagines Magwitch as a pir... ...r. Pip felt, Estella looked down on him because he was poor and not a gentleman. Pip was asked to play, but he didn’t know how to ‘play’. Estella lived in a society where her class did not have to work, and we read that Pip wanted to leave when he was told to ‘play’ because he did not understand the word ‘play’. In chapter 9, when Pip returns home his shame will not allow him to tell the truth to his sister and Pumblechook so he is exaggerates. We see that Pip is telling Joe about his real feelings about his trip to ‘Satis House’. Unlike the theft, which he kept secret, he eventually confides to Joe because he knows Joe will keep an open mind and he is the only one person he can speak to without being punished and having a guilty conscience. What he is confiding to Joe is his shame as a working-class person and how he must change in order to win Estella.

Demand vs Supply Essay

The two main driving forces of the economy are supply and demand. Understanding the basic concepts of supply and demand can help an organization focus on the bottom line. According to Gretzen (2007), demand is the relationship between price and quantity. Supply refers to the amount of a good or service available at any particular price. The principle of supply and demand describes a balance that develops between the supply of an item or service and the demand for it (Kleinman, 2009). Economics plays a major role in the health care industry. As a resource, the health care workforce is a determinant of the balance between supply and demand. The health care workforce consists of nurses, physicians, and other ancillary health care workers such as certified nurses’ aides (CNA’s) and patient care associates (PCA’s). The supply of health care workers directly impacts the demand of quality care rendered to patients. SERVICE OR PRODUCT Health care organizations have specific stated missions and visions to map out their fundamental way of operation. In health care, the workforce is instrumental in assisting with the organizational delivery of services to consumers (patients). The primary issue for all health care workforce personnel is that of inadequate staffing. This paper focuses on the staffing effectiveness of supplemental staffing of health care personnel within the inpatient setting. IMPACT Nursing managers formulate staffing patterns on a daily basis. The staffing of inpatient units requires a knowledge of unit census (total bed capacity),  consideration of patient acuity (level of care required for the patient), and skill mix (nursing hours per patient per day and nurse patient ratio) (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2002). Often times, inadequate staffing is due to a high rate of call outs of sickness or other emergencies. Inadequate staffing directly impacts patient safety and quality of care. All health care titles render supplemental staffing coverage in one of two ways, overtime and through per-diem agencies. Overtime employment provides regular full time employees with monies set at a rate of time and half for any extra work completed over the prescribed 40 hours a week. Per-diem agencies are outside contractors capable of providing their own qualified titled personnel to fill vacancies with monies defined at a set rate. Patients are admitted to inpatient setting with varied co-morbidities may or may not indirectly increase the necessity of staff. Patients are often admitted for diagnoses of altered mental status, agitation / combativeness, risk for falls, suicidal ideation, and alcohol or drug intoxication. Many patients require a higher level of skilled care, such as turning and repositioning, and assistance with activities of daily living such as toileting and eating. It requires a higher staff to patient ratio to provide safe, effective quality care. PERSPECTIVE AND RATIONALE According to published reports there are key factors affecting the adequacy of the health care workforce. Some key factors include an aging workforce of where 40 percent of practicing physicians are older than 55, and one-third of the nursing workforce is over 50 with a majority of both professionals seeking to retire within the next 10 years (Alliance for Health Reform, 2011). The largest groups of health professionals in the United States are composed of Registered Nurses. Statistically, there is a huge decline in the numbers of nurses within all regions of the U.S. An estimated 118,000 FTE RNs will exit the workforce within the next five years (Staiger, Auerbac, & Buerhaus, 2012). This potentially leaves a major void in terms of numbers of bodies needed to fill vacated positions. Low staffing levels are associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes that are directly sensitive to nursing attention, such as urinary tract infections, pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and falls (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). Unintended additional costs  associated with the development of complications in patients are greater than labor savings when units are understaffed. Acquiring pressure ulcers are estimated to cost the health care industry $8.5 billion per year (Kleinman, 2009) Overtime costs and per-diem agency costs can’t stand alone to solve the issues of staffing shortage. Their combined usage enables institutions to deliver optimal health care services to consumers/ patients. The supply of overtime and per-diem staff meets the increased demands of patients. It also assists in the delivery of quality care through services rendered. In terms of patient safety, the potentiality of the risk of injury to patients via falls, medication errors, and or sentinel events decreases. CONCLUSION The United States is a great consumer demand for health care services. The supply of such services is affected by varied factors. These factors directly influence the financial stability of health care organizations. Recessional times cause delays in career and retirement plans for health care professionals. In recessional times, there are noted changes in the supply and demand of the health care workforce. The shortage of registered nurses and providers in the workforce may inadvertently lead to a reduction in health care access for consumers. Inadequate staffing levels place heavy burdens on the nursing staff. Adverse events such as falls, hospital acquired infections and medication errors are potentially painful and life threatening events. Adverse events can result in considerable costs to be paid by the understaffed institution. For this reason alone, supplemental staffing via agency and overtime personnel provides a measure of increased patient safety. The future is trending towards the assistance in the recovery of the health care workforce shortage. It will rely heavily on the provisions made by the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (Alliance for health reform, 2011). Recruitment and reinvestment in health care professions especially nurses and physicians will assure sufficient supply of workforce personnel to meet the increased demands of health care economy and its’ consumers( Kaiser Foundation (2012). The Joint Commission bolsters workforce infrastructure through in-service and continuing education, supporting nursing education, and the adoption of set staffing levels based on  competency and skill mix relative to patient mix and acuity (Stanton, 2012). It also supports the establishment of financial incentives for health care organizations investing in nursing and workforce services. REFERENCES Alliance for Health Reform. (April, 2011). Health care workforce: Future Supply vs. Demand. Retrieved from http://www.allhealth.org/publications/medicare / health_care_workforce. American Federation of Teachers. (2012). Issues: Healthcare Staffing. Retrieved from http://www.aft.org/issues/healthcare/staffing/index.cfm Changes in Health Care Financing & Organization. (August, 2009). Issue brief: Impact of the economy on health care. Retrieved from http://www.academyhealth.org /files/hvfo/findings0809.pdf Getzen, T.E. (2007). Health economics and financing. (3rd ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. Kleinman, C. (2009). Health care supply & demand. Retrieved from http://www.community.advanceweb.com Staiger, D. O., Auerbach, D. I., & Buerhaus, P. I. (2012, April). Registered nurse labor supply and the recession- Are we in a bubble? New England Journal of Medicine, (366), 1463-1465. Stanton, M. (2012). Hospital nurse staffing and quality of care. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/research/nursestaffing/nursestaff.htm U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (July, 2002). Projected supply, demand, and shortages of registered nurses: 2000- 2020. Retrieved from http://hrsa.gov. The Kaiser Foundation. (2012). Nursing workforce: Background brief. Retrieved from http://www.kaiseredu.org/Issues-Modules

The Role of Women in ‘The Great Gatsby’